Application of Joule heating in engineering can be found in various industrial processing,such as
melting glasses in electric glass melters and for heating molten slag in electro-slag remelting process
applied in the steel industry and nuclear waste treatment technology. Two types of body forces prevail
in an electrically conducting liquid under Joule heating, they are the gravitational body force due to
the non-uniform temperature field and the electromagnetic body force due to the interaction between
self-induced magnetic field and moving charge carriers in the liquid.