Analytical Chemistry 1

Analytical Chemistry
Reference :- Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry
by skoog and West.
What is Analytical Chemistry?
study of methods for determining the composition of substances
Qualitative Analysis
-What is the chemical component in a
given sample?
Quantitative Analysis
-What is the concentrations of the
component in a given sample?
Quantitative analysis :
Classical methods
• Gravimetric analysis - mass
• Volumetric analysis - volume titrimetry
Instrumental methods
• Spectrophotometry - light
• Potentiometry - voltage
Volumetric analysis /General principles
Titration : one of the quantitative volumetric analysis , it used to determine the analyte by find the volume of standard reagent(solution) required to completely react with it .
aA + bB ? products
where : A = titrant (st. sol.)
B = titrate (analyte)
a,b = no. of moles
Equivalent point : The point in which the amount of standard sol. Is chemically equivalent to the substance that is to be determined.
End point : is based upon the physical changes that occur in a solution in titration method . the end point detection including change in color , electrical potential , current and conductivity.
Best titration , when that the volume difference between end point and equivalent point is small. (when the end point is exactly same
the equivalent point)

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