TYPES Of SOCIAL INTERACTION

TYPES Of SOCIAL INTERACTION

Seven broad types of social interaction seem to be universal, that is apply to all humanity. They are(1)cooperation(2)conflict (3) competition (4) coercion (5) exchange (6) assimilation (7) amalgamation.
The most significant type of social interaction is cooperation, a process in which individuals or groups act together in order to promote common interests or shared goals, which might otherwise be difficult or impossible to achieve individually. In a broad sense, all social life is based on cooperation. People get together in groups and societies to adapt to the environment and to meet environmental threats such as flood, famine, and pestilence; they work together to meet individual needs and to get protection from threats of other societies. Society would be impossible without a minimum of cooperative effort.
Sociologist Robert Nisbet has noted four main types of cooperation. The oldest and most universal is spontaneous cooperation, or mutual aid. It arises out of the needs of a situation as… .
The cooperation that has held societies together throughout history may have originated in a spontaneous manner, but through repetition it has become established custom and tradition passed on from one generation to generation. The cooperation thus ingrained in a primitive tribe is called traditional cooperation.
Modern societies rely less on traditional cooperation than on cooperation that is directed by a third party who holds a position of authority. The third party may be an employer, a swimming instructor, a teacher etc. Modern societies also depend on Contractual cooperation, in which groups agree to co-operate in certain explicit ways. Contractual cooperation is found among groups and individuals. A group of young mothers, for examples, can agree among themselves to take turns caring for each other babies.
Competition is kind of co-operative conflict. In competition, individuals or groups struggle to reach the same goals but their main concern is directed towards the goals and not towards the competitors. As in conflict, one competitor will attain the goal. To prevent competition from degenerating into conflict, it is necessary for the parties to agree on the "rules of the game" and stick to them. This applies to competition in the market-place, competition among students in the class-room, and competition between football teams.

Comprehension:
1- What are the main types of social interaction?
2- Why do individuals or groups co-operate?
3- What is social life based on?
4- Name some environment threats.
5- Name some individual needs.
6. Society is. inconceivable without a minimum of co-operative
effort, (true/false).
7- The oldest and the most universal type of co-operation is contractual co-operation, (true/false)
8- What is spontaneous co-operation?
9- Give an instance of spontaneous co-operation.
10- Where is traditional co-operation is usually found?
11- Modern societies depend on. , and, co-operation
rather than on ........... co-operation
12. In directed co-operation the co-operation is supervised by a
third party enjoying some…………..
(a) shared goals (b) common interests (c) author¬ity (d)individual needs,
13. The four types of co-operation, which Robert Nisbet recognize are: (1)………………(2)……..…(3)…………. (4)……. .
14. a group of mothers agreeing to take care of each other s children by turns is an example of co-operation.
(a) traditional (b) spontaneous (c) contractual (d) directed
15. What is the difference between competition and conflict?
16. How can we prevent competition from degeneration?
17. In………the actors seek their goals in rivalry.
(a) conflict (b)competition (c) cooperation (d) exchange
18. Students in the classroom are usually in ……….
19. In conflict, one of the actors will ……….. the goal, and the others will be ……….
20. Unlike in cooperation, in competition individuals ……….

Translation:
(1) Modern societies, unlike primitive tribes, rely on directed cooperation, in which a party with authority, supervises the interac¬tion.
(2) The co-operation that has held societies together throughout history may have originated in a spontaneous manner, but through repetition it has become established custom and tradition, which is passed on from one generation to another.