اختبار الحساسيه المضادات الحياتيه

The world of antibiotic drug discovery and development is driven by the necessity
to overcome antibiotic resistance in common Gram-positive and Gram-negative
pathogens. However, the lack of Gram-negative activity among both recently
approved antibiotics and compounds in the developmental pipeline is a general trend.
It is despite the fact that the plethora of covered drug targets is well conserved in
both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Multidrug resistance (MDR) effl ux
pumps play a prominent and proven role in Gram-negative intrinsic resistance. Moreover,
these pumps also play a signifi cant role in acquired clinical resistance. Together,
these considerations make effl ux pumps attractive targets for inhibition in that the
resultant effl ux pump inhibitor (EPI)/antibiotic combination drug should exhibit
increased potency, enhanced spectrum of activity, and reduced propensity for
acquired resistance. To date, at least one class of broad-spectrum EPI has been
extensively characterized. While these efforts indicated a signifi cant potential for
developing small molecule inhibitors against effl ux pumps, they did not result in a
clinically useful compound. Stemming from the continued clinical pressure for novel
approaches to combat drug resistant bacterial infections, second-generation programs
have been initiated and show early promise to signifi cantly improve the clinical
usefulness of currently available and future antibiotics against otherwise recalcitrant
Gram-negative infections. It is also apparent that some changes in regulatory