اساسيات البرمجة محاضرة رقم 1

Computer is a device capable of performing computations and making
logical decisions at speeds millions and even billions of times faster than
human beings.
Computers process data under the control of sets of instructions called
computer programs.
Programming is the process of writing instructions for a computer in a certain
order to solve a problem.
The computer programs that run on a computer are referred to as software
(SW). While the hard component of it is called hardware (HW).
LESSON ONE
Developing new software requires written lists of instructions for a computer to
execute. Programmers rarely write in the langauage directly understood by a
computer.
3. C++ Programming Language:
For the last couple of decades, the C programming language has
been widely accepted for all applications, and is perhaps the most powerful
of structured programming languages. Now, C++ has the status of a
structured programming language with object oriented programming (OOP).
C++ has become quite popular due to the following reasons:
1. It supports all features of both structured programming and OOP.
2. C++ focuses on function and class templates for handling data
types.
4. C++ Program Development Process (PDP):
C++ programs typically go through six phases before they can be
executed. These phases are:
1. Edit: The programmer types a C++ source program, and makes
correction, if necessary. Then file is stored in disk with extension (.cpp).
2. Pre-Processor: Pre-processing is accomplished by the pre-proceccor
before compilation, which includes some substitution of files and other
directories to be include with the source file.
3. Compilation: Converting the source program into object-code.
4. Linking: A linker combines the original code with library functions to
produce an executable code.
5. Loading: The loader loads the program from the disk into memory.
6. CPU: Executes the program, residing in memory.