OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING

OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING

What is object oriented programing
Last year we have explored the structure of a simple program that starts execution at
main() and enables you to declare local and global variables and constants and branch
your execution logic into function modules that can take parameters and return
values. All this is very similar to a procedural language like C, which has no object-
orientation to it. In other words, you need to learn about managing data and
connecting methods to it.

The Concept of Classes and Objects
Imagine you are writing a program that models a human being, like yourself. This
human being needs to have an identity: a name, a date of birth, a place of birth, and
a gender. The human can perform certain functions, such as talk and introduce him-
or herself, among others. Now, the former information is data about the human being,
whereas the latter information comprises functions as illustrated by Figure below.

To model a human, what you now need is a construct that enables you to group within
it the attributes that define a human (data) and the activities a human can perform
(methods that are similar to functions) using the available attributes. This construct is
the class.

Organizing Code with Functions
Functions give you a way to compartmentalize and organize your program’s execution
logic. They enable you to split the contents of your application into logical blocks that
are invoked sequentially. A function is hence a subprogram that optionally takes
parameters and returns a value, and it needs to be invoked to perform its task. In this
lesson you learn
Function prototypes and function definition
Passing parameters to functions and returning values from them

Reference arguments
Overloaded function
Inline function

What Is a Function Prototype?
The function prototype basically tells what a function is called (the name of function),
the list of parameters the function accepts (one or more parameters) and the return
type of the function.