Digital Image File Format

Why do we need so many different types of image file format?
• The short answer is that there are many different types of images
and application with varying requirements.
• A more complete answer, also considers market share proprietary
information, and a lack of coordination within the imaging industry.
Many image types can be converted to one of other type by easily available image conversion software. Field related to computer imaging
is that computer graphics.
Computer graphics is a specialized field within that refers to the computer science realm that refers to the reproduction of visual data through the use of computer.
In computer graphics, types of image data are divided into two primarily
categories:
1. Bitmap image (or raster image): can represented by our image model I(r, c), where we have pixel data and corresponding brightness values stored in some file format.
2. Vector images: refer to the methods of representing lines, curves
shapes by storing only the key points. These key points are sufficient
to define the shapes, and the process of turing theses into an image is
called rending after the image has been rendered, it can be thought of
as being in bit map format where each pixel has specific values
associated with it.
Most the type of file format fall into category of bitmap images. In general, these types of images contain both header information and the raw pixel data. The header information contain information regarding (1)The number of rows(height),(2) The number of columns(Width), (3)The number of bands,(4) The number of bit per pixel,(5) the file type , Additionally, with some of the more complex file formats, the header may contain information about the type of compression used and other necessary parameters to create the image, I(r,c)).
Image File Format :
1. BMP format:
It is the format used by the windows, it’s a compressed format and the
data of image are located in the field of data while there are two fields , one for header (54 byte) that contains the image information such as
(height ,width , no. of bits per pixel, no of bands , the file type).
The second field is the color map or color palette for gray level image,
where its length is 0-255).
2. BIN file format:
It is the raw image data I(r,c) with no header information.
3. PPM (Portable Pix Map) file format :
It contain raw image data with simplest header, the PPM format, include PBM(binary),PGM(gray),PPM (color), the header contain a magic number that identifies the file.
4. TIFF(Tagged Image File Format) and GIF(Graphics Interchange
Format): They are used on World Wide Web (WWW). GIF files are limited to a maximum of 8 bits/pixel and allows for a type of compression called LZW. The GIF image header is 13 byte long & contains basic information.
5. JPEG (Joint photo Graphic Experts Group):
It is simply becoming standard that allows images compressed algorithms to be used in many different computer platforms.
JPEG images compression is being used extensively on the WWW. It’s, flexible, so it can create large files with excellent image equality.

6. VIP(visualization in image processing )formats:
It is deve