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memory management

"Programs expand to fill the memory that holds them."

Preparing a program for execution

_ Development of programs

·        Source program

·        Compilation/Assembly

·        Object program

·        Linking / Linkage editors

·        Loading

·        Memory

_ Large array of words (or bytes)

_ Unique address of each word

_ CPU fetches from and stores into memory addresses

·        Instruction execution cycle

_ Fetch an instruction (op-code) from memory

_ Decode instruction

_ Fetch operands from memory, if needed

_ Execute instruction

_ Store results into memory, if necessary

·        Memory unit sees only the addresses, and not how they are generated (instruction counter, indexing, direct)