Introduction and Review in organic chemistry

BERZILIUS’ DEFINITIONS :ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CHARACTERISTIC PRODUCTS OF LIVING ORGANISMS
SUBSTANCES LIKE SUGAR AND OLIVE OIL INORGANIC COMPOUNDS PRODUCTS FROM NON-LIVING ENVIRONMENT
SUBSTANCES LIKE WATER AND IRON
Vital Force Theory
INORGANIC MATERIALS COULD BE CONVERTED TO ORGANIC MATERIALS IN THE PRESENCE OF A VITAL FORCE FOUND ONLY IN LIVING BODIES.
The octet rule is a chemical rule of thumb that reflects observation that atoms of main-group elements tend to combine in such a way that each atom has eight electrons in its valence shell, giving it the same electronic configuration as a noble gas.

Neutral atoms
Carbon 4 bonds (double bonds count as 2 triple bonds count as 3) and NO lone pairs.
Nitrogen 3 bonds and one lone pair, Oxygen 2 bonds and two lone pairs, BORON 3 bonds BUT no lone pairs

Dipole Moment
? Amount of electrical charge x bond length.
? Charge separation shown by electrostatic
potential map (EPM).
? Red indicates a partially negative region and blue
indicates a partially positive region.