Diagnostic (Orthodontic) records:
Clinical orthodontic records are used primarily for diagnosis, monitoring of growth and development, and are a medico-legal requirement. They provide an accurate representation of the patient prior to orthodontic treatment, demonstrate treatment progress and allow communication between orthodontists, other healthcare professionals and the patient. Records also play an important role in research and clinical audit. It is essential that accurate clinical records are taken before commencing orthodontic treatment. Study models
Impressions showing all the erupted teeth, full depth of the palate and good soft tissue extension are needed. These can be taken in alginate for study models and poured in dental stone. The study models provide a good help to examine the teeth from the facial and lingual during articulation, in addition to the possibility of the space analysis on the study models and the size selection of the orthodontic bands. The study model also used for modulation due to treatment and explanation of that to the patients. Accurate digital study casts are also now available, which have the advantages of occupying no physical storage space and having no deterioration over time, enabling indefinite storage. Clinical photographs
Good clinical photographs form an essential part of the clinical record. The following views should be taken: • Intraoral, taken with the occlusal plane horizontal:
• Frontal occlusion • Buccal occlusion (left and right)
• Maxillary dentition • Mandibular dentition. • Extraoral, taken against neutral background in natural head posture:
• Full facial frontal • Full facial frontal smiling
• Facial three-quarters • Facial profile.
ORTHODONTICS Orthodontic records Assist.Lec.Kasem A.
University of Babylon Faculty of Dentistry 4th stage
2
Cephalometrics
A cephalometric lateral skull radiograph is a specialized view of the
facial skeleton and cranial base from the lateral aspect, with the head
position at a specific distance from the film. This method aims to study a
various component of the face and relate them to the cranium to see
whether there is a balance and harmony between these components or
not.
Radiographic assessment is based on the method of standardized
cephalometric radiography pioneered by Broadbent and Hofrath in 1931.
The purpose of this radiographic technique is to produce standardized
radiographs of the head, and the equipment consist of a cephalostat,
which holds the head in a predetermined position, an X-ray tube and a
film.
These three components are maintained in a fixed relationship to each
other, so that any angulation and magnification is standardized. By this
method, hence it will be easier to compare the cephalometric radiographs
of one patient taken on different locations, or those of different
individuals. The cephalostat contains two ear-rods which fit into the
external auditory meati of the subject and a nasal rod. The X-ray tube and
the film are aligned so that, when filming a lateral view of the head, the
central beam of the X-rays passes through the two ear pieces. The
distances from the tube to the patient (usually between 5-6 feets) and
from the patient to the film (usually around 1-foot) entirely successful to
reduce the magnification, which is usually of the order from 7-8%, such a
magnification is difficult to adjust.
ORTHODONTICS Orthodontic records Assist.Lec.Kasem A.
University of Babylon Faculty of Dentistry 4th stage
3
Indications for cephalometric evaluation:
A)An aid to diagnosis
It is possible to carry out successful orthodontic treatment without taking a cephalometric radiograph, particularly in class I malocclusions. However, the information that cephalometric analysis yields is helpful in assessing the probable etiology of a malocclusion and in planning the treatment. Therefore, a lateral cephalometric radiograph is best limited to patients with a skeletal discrepancy and/or where anteroposterior movement of the incisors is planned.
In a small proportion of patients, it may be helpful to monitor growth to aid the planning and timing of treatment by taking serial cephalometric radiographs. Also it is often helpful in the accurate localization of unerupted displaced teeth and other pathology.
B) A pretreatment record:
A lateral cephalometric radiograph is useful in providing a baseline record prior to the placement of the appliances, particularly where movement of the upper and lower incisors is planned.
C) Monitoring the progress of treatment:
In the management of sever malocclusions, where tooth movement is occuring in all three planes of space (for example treatment involving functional appliances, or upper and lower fixed appliances), it is common to take a lateral cephalometric radiograph during treatment to monitor anchorage requirements and incisor inclinations. Also it is useful in monitoring the movement of unerupted teeth and is the most accurate view for assessing root resorption if this occurs during treatment. D)Research purposes:
A great deal of information has been obtained about growth and development by longitudinal studies which involved taking serial cephalometric radiographs from birth to the late teens or beyond.
المادة المعروضة اعلاه هي مدخل الى المحاضرة المرفوعة بواسطة استاذ(ة) المادة . وقد تبدو لك غير متكاملة . حيث يضع استاذ المادة في بعض الاحيان فقط الجزء الاول من المحاضرة من اجل الاطلاع على ما ستقوم بتحميله لاحقا . في نظام التعليم الالكتروني نوفر هذه الخدمة لكي نبقيك على اطلاع حول محتوى الملف الذي ستقوم بتحميله .
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