MANIPULATION OF GYPSUMS (DENTAL MATERIAL)

MANIPULATION
When any of the gypsum products is mixed with water, it should be spatulated properly to obtain a smooth mix. Water is dispensed into a mixing bowl of an appropriate size and design. The powder is added and allowed to settle into the water for about 30 seconds. This technique minimizes the amount of air incorporated into the mix.
The spatulation can be continued either by:
1- Hand using a spatula.
2- Hand-mechanical spatulator.
3- Power-driven mechanical spatulator.

Spatulation by hand involves stirring the mixture vigorously while wiping the inside surfaces of the bowl with the spatula. Spatulation to wet and mix the powder uniformly with the water requires about 1 minute at 2 revolutions per second.
Vacuuming during mixing reduces the air entrapped in the mix. Vibration immediately after mixing and during pouring of the gypsum minimizes air bubbles in the set mass.
Pouring an impression with gypsum requires care to avoid trapping air in critical areas. The mixed gypsum should be poured slowly or added to the impression with a small instrument such as a wax spatula. Once poured, the gypsum material should be allowed to harden for 45 to 60 minutes before the impression and cast are separated.