Maxillary central incisor

Permanent incisors
They are eight in number.
Their major function is to punch and cut food material during the process of mastication (chewing).
They play important role in supporting the lips and maintaining a desirable esthetic appearance and they are important in phonetics (speech).
Characteristic features of incisor’s crown

Incisal ridge and edge.
The incisal ridge is that portion of the crown which makes up the complete. The incisal edge exist on an incisor after occlusal wear has created a flattened surface linguo-incisally
incisal portion..
Presence of mammelons.
Marginal ridge are longitudinally positioned.
Lingual fossa.
Cingulum.
Permanent maxillary central incisors
Principal identifying features
The permanent maxillary central incisor is the widest tooth mesiodistally in comparison to any other anterior tooth.
It is larger than the neighboring lateral incisor and is usually not as convex on its labial surface. As a result, the central incisor appears to be more rectangular or square in shape.
The mesial incisal angle is sharper than the distal incisal angle. Straight mesial outline and rounded distal outline.
When this tooth is newly erupted into the mouth, the incisal edges have three rounded features called mammelons. Mammelons disappear with time as the enamel wears away by friction.
Well marked marginal ridges, lingual fossa and well developed cingulum.
Single tapered root.