immunology

Immunology
Dr, Baha,Hamdi,AL-Amedi Ph. D.Microbiology

The Origin of Immune Concept-I The term “Immunity-1” –
Latin word “Immunitas”
:Protection from legal prosecution
Biological definition: Protection from infectious diseases The scientific view of immunity = Edward Jenner (1796)
Observation Milkmaids generally get No smallpox
Hypothesis = Pus from vaccinia (cowpox)
Protect milkmaids from smallpox
The concept of “Immunity” developed gradually through many scientific
findings:
Robert Koch (1905 Nobel Laureate) :Infectious
diseases caused by microorganisms
Louis Pasteur :Vaccines against

These clinical successes = The search of underlying mechanism of “Protection of Infectious Diseases”
The development of
“Immunology”
Advances in technology (e.g. Cell culture, Monoclonal Ab, Flow cytometry, Genetic engineering…etc) have

Non-specific defense mechanism

It is an inherent resistant present in the host body they are present as normal components they are not induce by exposure to infection .
There are different determinants affected
A- host determinant.
Age 2-hormones &nutritional 3- Genetic back ground(Hereditary factors
B-physical determinate
as membrane barrier ,moist surface
.
Skine; it is first line of defense against infection consisting
keratinized outer layer
also secretion of sweat ,sebaceous,
fatty

C-Active antimicrobial determinant