immunology

Immunology


Dr, Baha,Hamdi,AL-Amedi Ph. D.Microbiology


The Origin of Immune Concept-I The term “Immunity-1” –
Latin word “Immunitas”
:Protection from legal prosecution
Biological definition: Protection from infectious diseases
The scientific view of immunity = Edward Jenner (1796)
Observation Milkmaids generally get No smallpox
Hypothesis = Pus from vaccinia (cowpox)
Protect milkmaids from smallpox
The Origin of Immune Concept-II
The concept of “Immunity” developed gradually through many scientific
findings:
Robert Koch (1905 Nobel Laureate) :Infectious
diseases caused by microorganisms
Louis Pasteur :Vaccines against cholera
These clinical successes = The search of underlying mechanism of “Protection of Infectious Diseases”
The development of
“Immunology”
Advances in technology (e.g. Cell culture, Monoclonal Ab, Flow cytometry, Genetic engineering…etc) have facilitated our understanding of
non-specific defense mechanism
It is an inherent resistant present in the host body they are present as normal components they are not induce by exposure to infection .
There are different determinants affected this immunity
A- host determinant.
Age 2-hormones &nutritional 3- Genetic back ground(Hereditary factors)
B-physical determinate
as membrane barrier ,moist surface
.
Skine; it is first line of defense against infection consisting
keratinized outer layer
also secretion of sweat ,sebaceous,
B-physical determinate
as membrane barrier ,moist surface
.
Skine; it is first line of defense against infection consisting
keratinized outer layer
also secretion of sweat ,sebaceous,
fatty acid , tears