Autoimmune disease

lectuer (19)
Dr.Baha,Hamdi.AL-Amiedie
Ph.D.Microbiology
Characteristic of fungi
1-• Eukaryotes ?
2- No chlorophyl (distinguishes them from ?
plants and algae) ?
3- Unicellular to filamentous ?
4- Rigid cell wall ?
5-Spore bearing stages in the life cycle ?
6-Usually reproduce by sexual and asexual ?
means ?
7-Insensitive to antibacterial antibiotics ?
Morphological types of fungi ?
Three major groups ?
1. Moulds ?
2. Yeasts ?
3. Mushrooms ?
Dimorphic fungi – fungi that have ?
both a
yeast stage and a mould stage ?
In many cases vegetative cell of hypha ?
contains more
than one nucleus – typical hypha is a ?
nucleated tube
containing a cytoplasm ( a coenocytic) ?
and no septa
(cross walls) ?
• Septate hyphae have one or two nuclei ?
per cell
Asexual spores
Asexual reproduction ?
Asexual spore formation: ?
• chlamydospores (formed within ?
sporangia) ?
• conidia (formed naked at tips of ?
hyphae) ?
• budding (cell division) ?
• fragmentation (of mycelium) ?

Sexual spores
Sexual spores are ?
resistant to drying ?
heating, freezing, and ?
some chemical agents ?
• Not as resistant to heat ?
as are bacterial ?
endospores ?
• Either a sexual spore or ?
an asexual spore can ?
germinate and develop ?
into a new hypha and Mycelium ?

Fungal infection types
1-Rang from superfical infection to ?
ovewhelming systemic infections that
are rapidly fatal in the compromised
host
2-they are increased in frequency as ?
result of increased used of antibiotics
Corticostroids& cytotoxic drugs ?
3-classified into superfical, cutaneous ?
Subcutaneous&systemic ?
infection;Systemic infection are
subdivied into those caused by
opportunistic fungi & by those
caused by pathogenic fungi