1. What is Artificial intelligence AI ?
Definition 1:- Artificial Intelligence is the study of man-made computational devices and systems which can be made to act in a manner which we would be inclined to call intelligent. The birth of the field can be traced back to the early 1950s. Arguably, the first significant event in the history of AI was the publication of a paper entitled "Computing Machinery and Intelligence" by the British Mathematician Alan Turing.
in this paper, Turing argued that if a machine could pass a certain test (which has become known as the Turing test ) then we would have grounds to say that the computer was intelligent. Turing also considered a number of arguments for, and objections to, the idea that computers could exhibit intelligence.
Definition 2:- AI is the study of how to make computers do things which at the moment people do better. This is ephemeral as it refers to the current state of computer science and it excludes a major area ; problems that cannot be solved well either by computers or by people at the moment.
Definition 3:- AI is a field of study that encompasses computational techniques for performing tasks that apparently require intelligence when performed by humans.
Definition 4:- AI is the field of study that seeks to explain and emulate intelligent behavior in terms of computational processes.
Definition 5:-AI is about generating representations and procedures that automatically or autonomously solve problems theretofore solved by humans.
Definition 6:-AI is the part of computer science concerned with designing intelligent computer systems, that is, computer systems that exhibit the characteristics we associate with intelligence in human behavior understanding language, learning, reasoning and solving problems.
To build a programs that can perform intelligent tasks we need:
1. Search methods.
2. Knowledge representation schemes (how to represent knowledge inside the machine computer).
3. How to reach conclusions for the represented knowledge (inference) to get an intelligent output.
Overview of AI Application Areas:
Two most, fundamental concerns of AI researches are knowledge representation and search, the first of these addresses the problem of capturing in a formal language.
Search is a problem solving techniques that systematically explores a space states might include the different board configuration in a game or intermediate steps in a reasoning process. This space of alternative solutions is then searched to find a final answer.
Most Applications to search in a space state are:-
المادة المعروضة اعلاه هي مدخل الى المحاضرة المرفوعة بواسطة استاذ(ة) المادة . وقد تبدو لك غير متكاملة . حيث يضع استاذ المادة في بعض الاحيان فقط الجزء الاول من المحاضرة من اجل الاطلاع على ما ستقوم بتحميله لاحقا . في نظام التعليم الالكتروني نوفر هذه الخدمة لكي نبقيك على اطلاع حول محتوى الملف الذي ستقوم بتحميله .
|