Frame Relay
Virtual Circuits
The connection through a Frame Relay network between two DTEs is called a virtual circuit (VC). The circuits are virtual because there is no direct electrical connection from end to end. The connection is logical, and data moves from end to end, without a direct electrical circuit. With VCs, Frame Relay shares the bandwidth among multiple users and any single site can communicate with any other single site without using multiple dedicated physical lines.
There are two ways to establish VCs:
SVCs, switched virtual circuits, are established dynamically by sending signaling messages to the network.
PVCs, permanent virtual circuits, are preconfigured by the carrier, and after they are set up, only operate in DATA TRANSFER. Note that some publications refer to PVCs as private VCs.
The Frame Relay Encapsulation Process
Frame Relay takes data packets from a Network layer protocol, such as IP or IPX, encapsulates them as the data portion of a Frame Relay frame, and then passes the frame to the Physical layer for delivery on the wire.
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