Artificial Neural Networks--1

History of the Artificial Neural Networks
?history of the ANNs stems from the 1940s, the decade of the first electronic computer.
?However, the first important step took place in 1957 when Rosenblatt introduced the first concrete neural model, the perceptron. Rosenblatt also took part in constructing the first successful neurocomputer, the Mark I Perceptron. After this, the development of ANNs has proceeded as described in Figure.
Rosenblatt s original perceptron model contained only one layer. From this, a multi-layered model was derived in 1960. At first, the use of the multi-layer perceptron (MLP) was complicated by the lack of a appropriate learning algorithm.
?In 1974, Werbos came to introduce a so-called backpropagation algorithm for the three-layered perceptron network.
in 1986, The application area of the MLP networks remained rather limited until the breakthrough when a general back propagation algorithm for a multi-layered perceptron was introduced by Rummelhart and Mclelland.
?in 1982, Hopfield brought out his idea of a neural network. Unlike the neurons in MLP, the Hopfield network consists of only one layer whose neurons are fully connected with each other.
Since then, new versions of the Hopfield network have been developed. The Boltzmann machine has been influenced by both the Hopfield network and the MLP.
in 1988, Radial Basis Function (RBF) networks were first introduced by Broomhead & Lowe. Although the basic idea of RBF was developed 30 years ago under the name method of potential function, the work by Broomhead & Lowe opened a new frontier in the neural network community.
Since then, research on artificial neural networks has remained active, leading to many new network types, as well as hybrid algorithms and hardware for neural information processing.