EXAMPLES

Introdution
Modern astronomy is built on the interplay between quantitative observations and testable theories that attempt to account for those observations in a logical and mathematical way
In his books On the Heavens, and Physics, Aristotle (384-322 BCE) put forward his notion of an ordered universe or cosmos.
In the sublunary region, substances were made up of the four elements, earth, water, air, and fir
Earth was the heaviest, and its natural place was the center of the cosmos; for that reason the Earth was situated in the center of the cosmos.
Heavenly bodies were part of spherical shells of aether. These spherical shells fit tightly around each other in the following order: Moon, Mercury, Venus, Sun, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, fixed stars.
In his great astronomical work, Almagest, Ptolemy (circa 200) presented a complete system of mathematical constructions that accounted successfully for the observed motion of each heavenly body
Ptolemy used three basic construc- tions, the eccentric, the epicycle, and the equant.These spherical shells fit tightly around each other in the following order: Moon, Mercury, Venus, Sun, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, fixed stars.
In his great astronomical work, Almagest, Ptolemy (circa 200) presented a complete system of mathematical constructions that accounted successfully for the observed motion of each heavenly body