9An Engineering Aplications on ODF

9An Engineering Aplications on ODF
Some Engineering Applications for first order ODE
Orthogonal Trajectories
Consider a one-parameter family of curves in the xy-plane as:
F(x,y,c)=0
Where c is parameter .We must find another one-parameter family of curves, orthogonal trajectories of the original family given as;
G(x,y,k)=0
Every curve in this new family intersect at right angles every curve in the original family .
We first differentiate with respect to x then eliminate c between this derived equations ,and solve for y to obtain the differential equation as;
dy/dx=f(x,y)
The orthogonal trajectories are the solutions of
dy/dx=(-1)/(f(x,y))


A solution of a differential equation is a function between the equation variables that satisfies the differential equation on some open interval; thus, y is a solution of eq.(1) if y is n times differentiable and real valued ;

? y?^((n))=f(x,y(x),y^ (x),y^? (x),…,y^(n-1) (x)) …………… (1)

for all x in some open interval (a, b) . In this case y is a solution of (1) on (a ,b).
Functions that satisfy a differential equation at isolated points are not interesting.
For example, y = x2 satisfies :

if and only if x = 0 or x = 1, but it’s not a solution of this differential equation because it does not
satisfy the equation on an open interval.
The graph of a solution of a differential equation is a solution curve. More generally, a curve C is said to be an integral curve of a differential equation if every function y= y(x) whose graph is a segment
of C is a solution of the differential equation. Thus, any solution curve of a differential equation is an
integral curve, but an integral curve need not be a solution curve.
Example