Isotonic and Buffer Solutions

Isotonic and Buffer Solutions

It is generally accepted that for ophthalmic and parenteral administration, isotonic solutions are better tolerated by the patient than those at the extremes of hypo- and hypertonicity. Most ophthalmic preparations are formulated to be isotonic. Injections that are not isotonic should be administered slowly and in small quantities to minimize tissue irritation, pain, and cell fluid imbalance.

Definitions:
Osmosis is a phenomenon of passing of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane from a dilute solution into a more concentrated one, which makes the concentrations equalized.

• Osmotic pressure: The pressure responsible for passing of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane and is depend on the number of particles of solute(s) in a solution; the total number of particles of a solute in a solution is the sum of the undissociated molecules and the number of ions into which the molecules dissociated.
• isosmotic is a term use to describe two solutions that have the same osmotic pressure.
• Isotonic solution: A solution having the same osmotic pressure as a specific body fluid (meaning of equal tone with that specific body fluid).
• Hypotonic Solution: is a solution of lower osmotic pressure than that of a body fluid.
• Hypertonic solutions: the solutions having a higher osmotic pressure than that of a body fluid.






Isotonic and Buffer Solutions

It is generally accepted that for ophthalmic and parenteral administration, isotonic solutions are better tolerated by the patient than those at the extremes of hypo- and hypertonicity. Most ophthalmic preparations are formulated to be isotonic. Injections that are not isotonic should be administered slowly and in small quantities to minimize tissue irritation, pain, and cell fluid imbalance.

Definitions:
Osmosis is a phenomenon of passing of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane from a dilute solution into a more concentrated one, which makes the concentrations equalized.

• Osmotic pressure: The pressure responsible for passing of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane and is depend on the number of particles of solute(s) in a solution; the total number of particles of a solute in a solution is the sum of the undissociated molecules and the number of ions into which the molecules dissociated.
• isosmotic is a term use to describe two solutions that have the same osmotic pressure.
• Isotonic solution: A solution having the same osmotic pressure as a specific body fluid (meaning of equal tone with that specific body fluid).
• Hypotonic Solution: is a solution of lower osmotic pressure than that of a body fluid.
• Hypertonic solutions: the solutions having a higher osmotic pressure than that of a body fluid.