الكاربوهيدرات

Carbohydrates are
A major source of energy from our diet.
Composed of the elements C, H, and O.
Also called saccharides, which means “sugars.”
Carbohydrates
Are produced by photosynthesis in plants.
Such as glucose are synthesized in plants from CO2, H2O, and energy from the sun.
Are oxidized in living cells (respiration) to produce CO2, H2O, and energy.
The types of carbohydrates are
Monosaccharides, the simplest carbohydrates.
Disaccharides, which consist of two monosaccharides.
Polysaccharides, which contain many monosaccharides.
Monosaccharides consist of
3 to 6 carbon atoms, typically.
A carbonyl group (aldehyde or ketone).
Several hydroxyl groups.

In a Fischer projection, the ?OH group on the
Chiral carbon farthest from the carbonyl group determines an L or D isomer.
Left is assigned the letter L for the L-isomer.

D-glucose is
Found in fruits, corn syrup, and honey.
An aldohexose with the formula C6H12O6.
Known as blood sugar in the body.
The monosaccharide in polymers of starch, cellulose, and glycogen.






Right is assigned the letter D for the D-isomer.