Tropane alkaloids ( Part 2 )

Cocaine
Coca or coca leaves have been described as the dried leaves of Erythroxylum coca Lamarck , belong to the family (Erythroxylaceae) .
Coca leaves used as a source for cocaine , In the proccssing of the leaves to cocaine,the farmers turning the leaves in to coca paste which
is easier to transport to a cocaine processing laboratory.
for this purpose are commonplace
Between 100 and 200 kg of dried leaves is needed to make a single
kg of paste, and 2.5 kg of coca paste will yield 1 kg of cocaine.

Coca leaves contain three basic types of alkaloids:
1- Derivarives of ecgonine ( cocaine, cinnamylcocaine, alpha, and beta-
truxilline) .
2- Tropine ( tropacocaine, valerine ) .
3- Hygrine (hygroline, cuscohygrine )

The composition of the alkaloid mixture in the leaf varies qualitatively
And quantitatively according to the variery of the plant and. to some extent, to the stage of development of the leaves when collected .


Cocaine is an alkaloid obtained from the leaves of Erythroxylum coca and E. . truxillense and their varieties.Much of the alkaloid is actually prepared by semisynthesis from plant_derived ecgonine.

Cocaine has multiple central and peripheral
Nervous system actions Over most of its effective dose range, it is a psychomotor stimulant with a strong abuse potential .The action responsible for the rewarding property, and hence the abuse liability, is through a prolongation of dopamine in the synapse by blocking the dopamine reuptake mechanism.