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Lecture ( 3 C )
---Caster oil , bees wax , lanolin , cod liver oil , kokum butter
Carbohydrates&
derived products---------Acacia , agar , guar gum ,pectin , honey , ispaghula
Resins & resin ---------colophony , jalap , balsam of tolu
Combinations
Vitamins &hormones -----yeast , shark liver oil , oxytocin , insulin
Proteins &enzymes -------gasein , gelatin , papasins , trypsin
Pharmacological (therapeutic) classification
This system of classification involves the grouping of crude drugs according to the pharmacological action of their chief active constituent of their therapeutic uses i:e the drugs are grouped together they exhibit similar pharmacological action pharmacological action e.g gascara , caster oil , senna , jalap are grouped together as purgatives or laxatives because of their common pharmacological action , similarly gentian , cinchona , nux vomica &swertia are grouped as bitters .The drugs differing in mechanism of action , but with the same pharmacological effect e.g bulk purgatives , irritant purgatives , emollient purgatives etc. Some drug could be classified under two pharmacological headings, since they exhibit two different action e.g cinchona is classified both ant malarial & bitter tonic.
An outline for pharmacological classification of crude drugs is as follows.
(i)Drugs acting on gastric-intestinal tract:
Bitters Gentain,Cinchona
Carminatives Dill ,Cardamom
Emetics Ipecacuanha
Anti-amoebics Kurchi , Ipecacuanha
Bulk laxatives Agar ,ispaghhula ,Banana
Purgatives Senna ,Casteor oil
Peptic ulcer Derivatives of Glycyrrhetinic acid (lquorice), treatment Raw banana
(ii)Drugs acting on respiration system
Expectorants Liquorice ,ipecacuanha ,vasaka
Antiexpectorants Stramonium leaves (atropine)
Antitussives Opium (codeine ,noscapine)
Bronchodilators Ephedra ,tea(theophylline)
(iii)Drugs acting on cardio-vascular system
Cardiotonics digitalis, squill ,strophanthus
Cardiac depressants Cinchona(quinidine) ,veratrum
Vasco-constrictors Ergot (ergotamine) ,ephedra
Antihypertensives Rauwolfia
(iv)Drugs acting on autonomic nervous system
Adrenergics Ephedra
Cholinergics Physostigma ,pilocarpus
Anticholinergics Belladonna ,datura
(v) Drugs acting on central nervous system
Central analgesics Opium (morphine)
CNS stimulants Coffee(caffeine)
Analeptics Nux –vomica ,lobelia ,camphor
Hallucinogenics Cannabis ,poppy latex
(vi)Antispasmodics
Smooth muscle relaxants Opium (papaverine),Hyocyamus
Skeletal muscle relaxants Curare
(vii)Anticancer Vinca ,podophyllum, camptotheca ,taxus
(viii)Antirheumatics Aconite, colchicum ,guggul
(ix)Anthelmintics Quassia, male fern, vidang
(x)Immuno-modulatory agents Ashwagandha, tulsi, ginseng, asparagus,
Picrorrhiza kurroa
(xi)Drugs acting on skin Olive oil, wool fat, bees wax, arachis oil,
And mucous membrane Sesame oil, balsam of tolu,balsam of peru.
(xii)Astringents Myrobalan, black catehu
(xiii)antimalarrials Cinchona, Artemisia
(xiv)Immunising agents Vaccines, sera, toxooids, antitoxins
(xv)Drugs acting
Chemotherapeutically Antibiotics
(xvi)Local anaesthetics Coca