PATHOLOGY OF CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

PATHOLOGY OF
CARDIOVASCULAR
SYSTEM
Dr. Rafal Al-Saigh
MBChB, PhD, FIBMS Pathology
Specialist Doctor (Clinical
Microbiologist)
Diseases of Blood Vessels
1. Maintenance of Permeability Barrier
2. Elaboration of Anticoagulant, Antithrombotic, Fibrinolytic
3. Regulators
• Prostacyclin
• Thrombomodulin
• Heparin-like molecules
• Plasminogen activator
4. Elaboration of Prothrombotic Molecules
• Von Willebrand factor
• Tissue factor
• Plasminogen activator inhibitor
5. Extracellular Matrix Production (collagen, proteoglycans)
6. Modulation of Blood Flow and Vascular Reactivity
• Vasconstrictors: endothelin, ACE
• Vasodilators: NO, prostacyclin
Function of endothelial cells lined blood vessels
7. Regulation of Inflammation and Immunity
• IL-1, IL-6, chemokines
• Adhesion molecules: VCAM-1, ICAM, E-selectin P-selectin
• Histocompatibility antigens
8. Regulation of Cell Growth
• Growth stimulators: PDGF, CSF, FGF
• Growth inhibitors: heparin, TGF-?
9. Oxidation of LDL
Endothelial cells activated cytokines & bacterial prod. Inflammation
and septic shock; hemodynamic stresses and lipid products,
critical to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis; advanced
glycosylation end products (important in diabetes), as well
as viruses, complement components, and hypoxia.
Vascular smooth muscle cells vasoconstriction and dilation
response to normal or pharmacologic stimuli.
They also synthesize collagen, elastin, and proteoglycans; and elaborate
growth factors and cytokines. They migrate to the intima and proliferate
following vascular injury