pharmacology

lecture #1
introduction to pharmacokinetic
Pharmacokinetics refers to what the body does to a drug, whereas pharmacodynamics
describes what the drug does to the
body. Four pharmacokinetic properties determine the onset, intensity,
and the duration of drug action
• Absorption: First, absorption from the site of administration permits
entry of the drug (either directly or indirectly) into plasma.
• Distribution: Second, the drug may then reversibly leave the bloodstream
and distribute into the interstitial and intracellular fluids.
• Metabolism: Third, the drug may be biotransformed by metabolism by
the liver or other tissues.
• Elimination: Finally, the drug and its metabolites are eliminated from
the body in urine, bile, or feces.

ROUTES OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION
Enteral
Oral
Enteric-coated preparations
Extended-release preparations
Sublingual/buccal
Parenteral
Intravenous (IV)
Intramuscular (IM)
Subcutaneous (SC)
Other
Oral inhalation
Nasal inhalation
Intrathecal/intraventricular
Topical
Transdermal
Rectal