cervical carcinoma

Carcinoma of the cervix:
Carcinoma of the cervix is the second commonest cancer among women worldwide, with only breast cancer occurring more commonly.
Worldwide, cervical cancer accounts for about 500,000 new cases diagnosed and 250,000 deaths every year. Of the new cases, 80% occur in the less developed countries and in some of these countries, cervical cancer is the commonest cancer in women.
HPV types 16 and 18 are the most commonly associated with cervical cancer, but many other types are also found. The range of types and proportions of each type vary markedly in different parts of the world. The association between HPV infection and cervical cancer has led to the development of vaccines both to prevent and to treat this disorder and its precursors (CIN).
While it is now technically possible to construct a large range of different vaccines, many years of fieldwork will be necessary to evaluate their efficacy, acceptability and effect upon the prevalence of other HPV subtypes.
*(risk factors for cervical carcinoma):
1- HPV infection.
2- early marriage.
3- multiple sexual partners.
4- liberal sex.
5- young age at 1st pregnancy.
6- high parity.
7- lower socioeconomic status.
8- smoking.

the clinical presentation diagnosis and management is discussed in the accompanied pdf