benign and premalignant disease of cervix

Benign and premalignant cervical conditions (dysplasia) CIN:

ENDOCERVICAL POLYPS
? endocervical polyps is common and usually increases with age up to the menopause.
? Occasionally these polyps will be symptomatic producing heavy vaginal discharge or bleeding upon coital contact.
? Histology of these polyps consist of columnar epithelium sometimes with metaplastic squamous epithelium across the tip
? Malignant change is most unusual. However, if these polyps are removed by polypectomy, tissue should be sent for histology.


premalignant cervical conditions (dysplasia)

? The process of metaplasia can be disrupted by external influences and can lead to disordered squamous epithelium called dysplastic epithelium.
? Dysplastic epithelium lacks the normal maturation of cells as they move from the basal layer to the superficial layer.
? The nuclei tend to be larger, more variable in size and shape and more actively dividing than in healthy squamous epithelium.

aetiology

1- HPV is implicated in this process, although HPV infection alone does not appear to be sufficient to cause dysplasia.
2- Smoking and
3- immune suppression appear to be additional factors which may act as co-agents.

Diagnosis and management in details in the accompanied PPT