محاضرة أساسيات ألطب ( ألطب ألمكمل وألطب ألبديل ) ألخميس 10\3\2011
Definitions :
CAM : is a group of diverse medical and health care systems, prac/ces, and products that are not presently considered to be part of conventional medicine.
Complementary medicine is used together with conventional medicine
Alternative medicine is used in place of conventional medicine.
Integrative Medicine is Combination of Complementary & conventional Medicine
Complementary medicine is used together with conventional medicine. An example of a complementary therapy is using aromatherapy to help lessen a patient s discomfort following surgery.
Alternative medicine is used in place of conventional medicine. An example of an alternative therapy is using a special diet to treat cancer instead of undergoing surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy that has been recommended by a conventional doctor.
Integrative medicine, combines mainstream medical therapies and CAM therapies for which there is some high-quality scientific evidence of safety and effectiveness
History of CAM :
25% of all pharmaceutical drugs are derived from herbs.
Prior to 1990 little was known about who was using CAM
1993 – study showed that 1 in 3 Americans sought some form of alternative care 1997 – another follow up study revealed that 47% of Americans were using some form of CAM
Alternative Medical Systems: Complete systems of medical theory and practice. e.g. Homeopathic Medicine -In homeopathic medicine, there is a belief that "like cures like," meaning that small, highly diluted quantities of medicinal substances are given to cure symptoms, when the same substances given at higher or more concentrated doses would actually cause those symptoms.
Type of CAM : MajorTypes or Domains of CAM :
1 . Biologically based practices& Naturopathy
2 . Energy medicine
3 . Manipulative and body-based practices
4 . Mind-body medicine
Naturopathic Medicine: Proposes that there is ahealing power in the body that establishes, maintains, and restores health. Practitioners work with the patient with a goal of supporting this power, through treatments such as nutrition and lifestyle counseling, dietary supplements, medicinal plants, and exercise
There are six principles that form the basis of naturopathic practice:
The healing power of nature
Identification and treatment of the cause of disease
The concept of "first do no harm"
The doctor as teacher
Treatment of the whole person
Prevention
Naturopathy: include diet modification and nutritional supplements, herbal medicine, acupuncture and Chinese medicine, hydrotherapy, massage and joint manipulation The application of controlled force to a joint, moving it beyond the normal range of motion in an effort to aid in restoring health.
Manipulation may be performed as a part of other therapies or whole medical systems, including chiropractic medicine, massage, and naturopathy., and lifestyle counseling.
Seven types of CAM :
1 . 7 CAM:Herbs, Accupuncture,Chiropractice ,Homeopathy ,Diet & Nutrition , Body – Mind ,Massage
2 . 70% not report its use
3 .The Main complaits for which patients use CAM include : Headache , Pains ,Anxiety , Backpain ,joint pain , Cancer , Gastrointestinal disorders or sleeping problems
Who Uses CAM?
2004 survey results:More women than men. Higher education levels ,Hospitalized in the past year . Former smokers
Homeopathy: “In the late 1700s, Samuel Hahnemann, a physician, chemist, and linguist in Germany, proposed a new approach to treating illness.” Treatments of the time were harsh, and wanted a less threatening way to practice medicine. – “Like cures like”– Potentization and holism.
“The World Health Organization noted in 1994 that homeopathy had been integrated into the national health care systems of numerous countries, including Germany, the United Kingdom, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Mexico.”
“In European countries, training in homeopathy is usually pursued either as a primary professional degree completed over 3 to 6 years or as postgraduate training for doctors.”
“In the United States, training in homeopathy is offered through diploma programs, certificate programs, short courses, and correspondence courses. Also, homeopathic training is part of medical education in naturopathy. Most homeopathy in the United States is practiced along with another health care practice for which the practitioner is licensed, such as conventional medicine, naturopathy, chiropractic, dentistry, acupuncture, or veterinary medicine (homeopathy is used to treat animals).”
What we mean by Manipulative and Body-Based Methods ?
Chiropractic medicine involves manipulative techniques to correct abnormalities of spine &the musculoskeletal system . Chiropractic Medicine -focuses on the relationship between bodily structure (primarily that of the spine) and function, and how that relationship affects the preservation and restoration of health. Chiropractors use manipulative therapy as an integral treatment tool
Osteopathic medicine: a medical field incorporating manipulative techniques for correcting abnormalities of musculoskeletal system . Osteopathic Medicine -emphasizes diseases arising in the musculoskeletal system. There is an underlying belief that all of the body s systems work together, and disturbances in one system may affect function elsewhere in the body. Osteopathic physicians practice osteopathic manipulation, a full-body system of hands-on techniques to alleviate pain, restore function, and promote health and wellbeing.
Massage Therapy -manipulate muscle and connective tissue to enhance function of those tissues and promote relaxation and wellbeing
Energy Therapies : Biofield Theories-affect energy fields that purportedly surround and penetrate the human body
– Therapeutic Touch
– Healing Touch
– Reiki
– Quantum Healing
– Qi-Gong
Bioelectromagnetic Theories-unconventional use of electromagnetic fields.
– Magnetic Healing
– Radionics
What is Mind – Body Medicine ?
Mind/Body Therapy : Reviewed by Astin, et al. Concluded that there is considerable evidence that Mind – Body are beneficial:for:
– Coronary artery disease
– Headaches
– Insomnia
– Chronic low back pain
– Treatment related symptoms of cancer
The principle of this therapy is that • Imagery is the biological connection between the mind and body. As we will see, this is extremely useful in mind body healing.” Techniques designed to enhance the mind s capacity to affect bodily function and symptoms include :
• Meditation
• Prayer
• Mental Healing,
• Art, Music and Dance Therapy
• Some techniques that were considered CAM in the past have become mainstream (for example, patient support groups and cognitive-behavioral therapy).
Mind – Body Medicine is a type of CAM based on :Belief that emotional, mental,social, spiritual, and behavioral factors affect health
Respects and encourages individual’s capacity for self knowledge and self-care.
– Yoga or tai chi
– Relaxation therapies
– Cognitive&behavioral therapies
– Group support
– Meditation
– Creative arts therapy
What is Ayurveda?
• A comprehensive system of medicine developed in India that places equal emphasis on the body, mind, and spirit, and strives to restore innate harmony of the individual.
• Primary treatments include diet, exercise, meditation, herbs, massage, and controlled breathing.
Ayurveda, which literally means: "the science of life," is a natural healing system developed in India. Ayurvedic texts claim that the sages who developed India s original systems of meditation
A conscious mental process using certain techniques -- such as focusing attention or maintaining a specific posture -- to suspend the stream of thoughts and relax the body and mind. and yoga developed the foundations of this medical system. It is a comprehensive system of medicine that places equal emphasis on the body, mind, and spirit, and strives to restore the innate harmony of the individual.
Some of the primary Ayurvedic treatments include diet, exercise, meditation, herbs, massage, exposure to sunlight, and controlled breathing.
In India, Ayurvedic treatments have been developed for various diseases (e.g., diabetes, cardiovascular conditions, and neurological disorders). However, a survey of the Indian medical literature indicates that the quality of the published clinical trials generally falls short of contemporary methodological standards with regard to criteria for randomization, sample size, and adequate controls .
Many are traditional systems of medicine that are practiced by individual cultures throughout the world, one of these include :
Traditional Chinese Medicine it is a type of CAM based on the following :
• Health is achieved by maintaining the body in a "balanced state”.
• Imbalance leads to blockage in the flow of qi.Energy which flow in the body in certain Meridians
• CAM practioners typically use herbs, acupuncture, and massage to help unblock qi in an attempt to bring the body back into harmony and wellness
Acupuncture: is one type of traditional chinnes Medicine through which they use of insertion of Hair – Thin needles into a non – anatomic energy channels called Meridians .
Traditional Chinese Medicine: based on a concept of balanced qi, or vital energy, that is believed to flow throughout the body. Qi is proposed to regulate a person s spiritual, emotional, mental, and physical balance and to be influenced by the opposing forces of yin (negative energy) and yang (positive energy). Disease is proposed to result from the flow of qi being disrupted and yin and yang becoming imbalanced . Among the components of TCM are herbal and nutritional therapy, restorative physical exercises, meditation, acupuncture and remedial massage
TCM is a complete system of healing that dates back to 200 B.C. in written form. Korea, Japan, and Vietnam have all developed their own unique versions of traditional medicine based on practices originating in China.
In the TCM view: The body is a delicate balance of two opposing and inseparable forces: yin and yangThe concept of two opposing yet complementary forces described in traditional Chinese medicine. Yin represents cold, slow, or passive aspects of the person, while yang represents hot, excited, or active aspects. A major theory is that health is achieved through balancing yin and yang and disease is caused by an imbalance leading to a blockage in the flow of qi.. Yin represents the cold, slow, or passive principle, while yang represents the hot, excited, or active principle.
Among the major assumptions in TCM are that health is achieved by maintaining the body in a "balanced state" and that disease is due to an internal imbalance of yin and yang. This imbalance leads to blockage in the flow of qiIn traditional Chinese medicine, the vital energy or life force proposed to regulate a person s spiritual, emotional, mental, and physical health and to be influenced by the opposing forces of yin and yang. (or vital energy) and of blood along pathways known as meridians. TCM practitioners typically use herbs, acupuncture.
Treatments in TCM : are typically tailored to the subtle patterns of disharmony in each patient and are based on an individualized diagnosis. The diagnostic tools differ from those of conventional medicine
There are three main therapeutic modalities:
1 . Acupuncture and moxibustionIn traditional Chinese medicine, the use of heat from burning the herb moxa on or near the skin at an acupuncture point. Intended to stimulate the flow of qi and restore health. (moxibustion is the application of heat from the burning of the herbA plant or part of a plant used for its flavor, scent, or potential therapeutic properties. Includes flowers, leaves, bark, fruit, seeds, stems, and roots. moxa at the acupuncture point)
2 . Chinese Materia Medica is a standard reference book of information on medicinal substances that are used in Chinese herbal medicine
3 . Massage and manipulation
Useful Herbal Products
Echinacea immune stimulant
Saw Palmetto BPH
Ginkgo circulation
Milk Thistle liver
Ginger nausea
Chamomile indigestion
Fever Few migraine
St. John’s Wort mild/mod depression
Hawthorn heart/circulation
Soy menopause symptoms
Kava anxiolytic
Black cohosh menopause symptoms
Green tea stimulant (antioxidant)
Cranberry UTI prevention
Yohimbe erectile dysfunction
Valerian Sleep Disorders
Garlic Hyperlipidemia
المادة المعروضة اعلاه هي مدخل الى المحاضرة المرفوعة بواسطة استاذ(ة) المادة . وقد تبدو لك غير متكاملة . حيث يضع استاذ المادة في بعض الاحيان فقط الجزء الاول من المحاضرة من اجل الاطلاع على ما ستقوم بتحميله لاحقا . في نظام التعليم الالكتروني نوفر هذه الخدمة لكي نبقيك على اطلاع حول محتوى الملف الذي ستقوم بتحميله .