Foundation of Medicine

4 28/1 / 2016 foundation of medicine ( mt )
singular & plural pronunciation medical abbreviation :
ad libitum (ad. lib.) as much as wanted freely
ante cibum (a.c.) before meals
bis in die (b.i.d.) twice daily
(b.p.) blood pressure
cubic centimeter (cc.) cubic centimeter(s) cum (/c)
with en. enema gram (g.)
gram or grams granum (gr.) grain or grains
gutta, guttae (gtt.) droping or dropings
hoc nocte (h.n.) tonight hora somni (h.s.) at bedtime
l. liter(s)
oculus dexter (o.d.) right eye oculus sinister (o.s.) left eye
oz. ounce
per anum (p.a.) by, or through, the anus
per os (p.o.) by, or through, the mouth
post cibum (p.c.) after meals
pro re nata (p.r.n.) according to circumstances
quaque die (q.d.) every day quaque hora (q.h.) every hour
quater in die (q.i.d.) four times daily
signa (sig.) let it be labeled sine (/s) without
statim (stat.) immediately at once
suppositoria (suppos.) suppository
tabella (tab.) tablet ter in die (t.i.d.) three times daily t. temperature



the following chart contains information about the formation of plurals from the singular form. use it to work the frames that follow.

if the singular ending is the plural ending is
a ae (pronounce ae as ?¯ )
us i
um a
ma mata
on a
is es
ix ices the word root is usually built
ex ices from the plural forms of
ax aces words ending in ix, ex, and ax
(e.g., radix, radic/es,
radic/otomy, radic/i/form).


questions :
form pleural of
1 . bursa (bursae bur s? )
2 . conjunctiva (conjunctivae kon junk t? v? )
3 . bacillus ………………………

form the singular form of :
1 . vertebrae……………………..
2 . nuclei…………………………..
3 . cornea …………………………

form the plural of :
1 . atrium
2 . coccous
3 . ilium (ilea (you pronounce il ? ? )

give the singular form of :
1 . enemata enema
2 . ova ovum
3 . bacteria bacterium




form the pleural of :
1 . cortex cortices 2 . fibroma fibromata
3 . protozoon protozoa
give the singular form of
1 . stigmata stigma 2 . prognoses prognosis
3 . spermatozoa spermatozoon
form the plural of :
1 . appendix appendices
2 . diagnosis diagnoses
3 . ganglion ganglia
refer to the table. give the word root that usually refers to
1 . appendix >>>>> appendic appendicular
2 . the cortex >>>>> cortic cortical
3 . the thorax >>>>> thoracic
surgical puncture of the thorax, = thorac/o/centesis
a word meaning inflammation of the appendix, = appendicitis
pertaining to the cortex = cortical
singular plural
apex apices
septum septa
varix varices
sarcoma sarcomata
radius radii
axilla maxilla maxillae axillae
fornix fornices

there are other ways of forming plurals. they apply to only a few
words. when you meet these words and have a question about how
their plural forms are built, consult a medical dictionary



home quiz
give the plural of :
singular plural
alveolus
malleolus -
diverticulum
criterion -
meninx -
phalanx
metastasis -
arthritis -
meningitis -
guidelines to looking up the spelling of unfamiliar terms:

if it sounds like it may begin with example
f f flatus (flay-tus)
ph phlegm (flem) [
j g gingivitis (jin-jih-vye-tis) gum
j jaundice (jawn-dis) k
c crepitus (krep-ih-tus)
cholera (kol-er-ah)
k kyphosis (kye-foh-sis)
qu quadriplegia (kwad-rih-plee-jee-ah)
s c cytology (sigh-tol-oh-jee
ps psychologist (sigh-kol-oh-jist)
s serum (seer-um) z x xeroderma (zee-roh-der-mah
z zygote (zye-goht)
x xanthoma ( zanthoma )