نظري Ions Electrolyte and Ionic Bond

Ions, Electrolytes, Metals and Ionic Bonding

Learning objectives:
• To understand the general principles of ions and ionic bonding.
•To understand some important functions of both anions and cations in the body.
•To appreciate the diverse uses of elements and ions in various metabolic processes of the body.
In this subject you must understand the main objectives . take this as example:

‘No Gold for Jim’, read the big headline in the papers. Jim had led the final stages of the Olympic marathon for at least 10 miles and as he entered the stadium the applause was deafening but with one lap to go the strength in his legs began to fail. He began to roll and with only a hundred yards to go he began to crawl and his body was losing its coordination. By then the next runner had entered the stadium, and the next. The crowds were urging him on but with no effect’ and the doctors had to step in and treat him, meaning immediate disqualification. He recovered after a drink and restoration of the electrolytes in his body fluids. He received a tremendous ovation but no Olympic medal. .i.e the explanation was ,

The movement of sodium and potassium ions back and forth through the cell membranes gives rise to electrical impulses and nerve transmissions within the body. This can become disrupted with increasing dehydration. Any water-soluble material, including foods and body fluids, contains positively and negatively charged ions. Many of the cell processes are controlled by adjusting the concentration of these ions entering or leaving the cells of our body. Get these concentrations out of balance, and messages around the body go haywire; thinking is affected and cell stability is disturbed.