notes about how to prepared the medical molecules

According to the notes lab you can see the review of these notes by this lecture:

BPreparation of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)


Background:

One of the most widely used nonprescription drugs is aspirin. In the United States, more than 15,000 pounds are sold each year. It is no wonder there is such wide use when one considers the medicinal applications for aspirin. It is an effective analgesic (pain killer) that can reduce the mild pain of headaches, toothache, neuralgia (nerve pain), muscle pain, and joint pain (from arthritis and rheumatism). Aspirin behaves as an antipyretic drug (it reduces fever) and an anti-inflammatory agent capable of reducing the swelling and redness associated with inflammation. It is an effective agent in preventing strokes and heart attacks due to its ability to act as an anticoagulant by preventing platelet aggregation.
Early studies showed the active agent that gave these properties to be salicylic acid. However, salicylic acid contains the phenolic and the carboxylic acid groups. As a result, the compound was too harsh to the linings of the mouth, esophagus, and stomach. Contact with the stomach lining caused some hemorrhaging. The Bayer Company in Germany patented the ester acetylsalicylic acid and marketed the product as “aspirin” in 1899. Their studies showed that this material was less of an irritant; the acetylsalicylic acid was hydrolyzed in the small intestine to salicylic acid, which then was absorbed into the bloodstream.