Acid Base Titration (1) .

Experiments of Analytical Chemistry
Quantitative Volumetric Analysis

Background :
Titration is the precise measurement of the volume of one reagent required to react with a mass
or volume of another reagent. the solution of base would be added from a burette to the acid until the acid is just neutralized. You will use the indicator phenolphthalein, which is colorless in acid and pink in base, to indicate when the acid is just neutralized. Two or three drops of phenolphthalein are added to the acid before the titration is begun. This colorless solution turns pink when, as a result of base addition from the burette, the solution changes from acidic to barely basic. When the color change appears, the burette is read to obtain the volume of base added.
the goal of this experiment is to know how could you calculate the mass ,volume and the concentration of unknown substance.....etc.
there are some question you should answered before coming to the lab .
1-Define acid and base in Arrhenius terms.
2-Why are air bubbles in the buret tip a possible source of error in a titration experiment?
3- How do you remove air bubbles from the buret tip?
4-What indicator is used in this experiment? Describe the color change of the indicator.
5- Predict the products of these reactions.
(a) HNO3(aq) + KOH(aq) ------->
(b) HCl(aq) + Ca(OH)2(aq)------->
(c) NH3(aq) + H2SO4(aq)--------->
6- define the normality and the molarity ?