Hepatitis C virus
dr hadeel fadhil FIBMS
@ Identification:
*Onset is usually insidious, with anorexia, vague abdominal discomfort, and nausea & vomiting, progress to jaundice is less frequent than HBV infection .the initial infection may be asymptomatic in more 50% of cases or mild.
**High percentage (50-80 %) will developed chronic infection.
. *diagnosis: by detected antibody to (HBC virus (anti-HCV
@Infectious agent: HCV (hepacavirus, RNA virus)
@Occurrence: worldwide, about 1 % of the world s population was infected
with HCV.
@Reservoir: human
@Mode of transmission:
1- Primarily parenterally transmitted
2- Sexual transmission.
@ Incubation period: 6-9 week, chronic infection may persist up to 20 year before the onset of cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma.
@ Period of communicability:
From 1 or more weeks before onset of the 1st symptoms.
@Susceptibility & resistance: susceptibility is general.
@Methods of control:
A- Preventive measures:
General control measure against HBV infection applies. Prophylactic IG is not effective.
B- control of patient, contact & the immediate environment:
General control measure against HBV applies. Post exposure prophylaxis with IG is not effective in preventing infection.
Interferon alpha effective in about 25 % of chronic HC cases.
Prevent the Spread
No vaccine can prevent the spread of HCV and hepatitis C. It’s up to you to keep others safe.
Do
Cover all skin breaks and sores yourself. If you need help, the person treating you should wear latex gloves.
Use condoms during sex, especially with a new partner.
Don’t
Don’t donate blood, plasma, body organs, other body tissue, or sperm.
Don’t share needles.
Don’t share razors, toothbrushes, manicure tools, or other personal items.
Hepatitis D
Onset is usually abrupt, severe & is always associated with co-existence HBV infection, with sign & symptoms like HB.
Delta hepatitis may be self limiting or it progress to chronic hepatitis.
The infectious agent is HDV(RNA virus), it occur epidemically or endemically in population at high risk of HBV infection.
The reservoir is humans.
Its mode of transmission similar to that of HBV.
IP=2-8 week.
Blood is potentially infectious, with peak infectivity occur prior to onset of acute disease.
Methods of control: prevention of HBV infection with HB vaccine prevents infection with HDV.
HB IG dose not protect persons with chronic HBV from infection by HDV.
Control of patient, contact: same as HBV.
Hepatitis E:
The clinical course similar to HAV, no evidence of chronic form. The case fatality rate is similar to that HA except in pregnant women, the rate reach to 20% among those infected during the 3rd trimester.
It transmitted by feco-oral route, recent study suggested HEV as a zoonotic infection