Facial skeleton, Face and Parotid region

Facial skeleton, Face and Parotid region

Objectives
By the end of this lab students are expected to be able to
1. Discuss the major regions and features of human face
2. Identify major bones of facial skeleton and their prominent features
3. Locate major muscles of facial expressions
4. Recognize the five terminal branches of facial nerve
5. Correlate between facial nerve anatomy and its palsy
6. Discuss the pattern of sensory innervation of the face
7. Locate main sensory nerves of the face
8. Discuss course and sites of anastomosis of facial artery
9. Describe course and deep communications of facial vein.
10. Describe the parotid gland and its location
11. List the important structures that pass in, through & out of gland
12. Differentiate between parotid duct and related structures


Lab check list

A- face
? Face of the living
• Forehead
• Glabella
• Eyes (Eyebrows, Lids, Eyelashes)
• Nose (Tip of the nose (apex), Nasion, Nostril, Nasal septum, alae of the nose)
• Mouth (oral cavity) (Lips, Philtrum, Nasolabial sulcus)

? Facial skeleton (Anterior View of the Skull)
1- Frontal bone:
• supraorbital notch (foramen)
• Orbit and orbital margins
• Frontal air sinus
• Metopic suture
2- Nasal bones (2)
3- Maxilla (2)
• alveolar process and arch
• Infraorbital foramen
• maxillary sinus
4- Zygomatic bone
• zygomatic arch
5- Mandible
• body
• ramus
• Mental foramen
? Muscles of facial expression
• Frontalis
• orbicularis oculi
• orbicularis oris
• buccinators
• others
? Motor supply of face:
• facial nerve (five branches)
1. temporal
2. zygomatic
3. buccal
4. marginal mandibular
5. cervical

Note: Place the palm of your hand over the auricle and spread your five digits on the face. The five digits now represent the course of the five terminal branches of facial nerve.

Note: Facial nerve is the most frequently paralyzed of all the peripheral nerves of the body.

? Sensory supply:
• Trigeminal nerve
1. Ophthalmic nerve (branches in the face?)
2. Maxillary nerve (branches in the face?)
3. Mandibular nerve (branches in the face?)
• Great auricular nerve

? Blood supply
• Facial artery
• Transverse facial artery

? Venous drainage:
• Facial vein
Deep communications (with cavernous sinus)
1- Superior ophthalmic vein
2- Deep facial vein
• Retromandibular vein




Home work:
1- Write a brief description on the anatomy of Bell’s palsy

2- Where does the dangerous area of the face lie?

Review questions:
Complete the followings:
1- Sensory supply of whole face is by trigeminal nerve except…………….
2- Chief artery of the face Facial artery…………………
3- Largest vein of the face………………….
4- The muscle surrounding the orifice of the eye is……………..


B- Parotid region (around the ear)
? Boundaries:
• Anterior: anterior border of masseter
• Superior: zygomatic arch
• Posterior: mastoid process
• Inferior: line joining the angle of the mandible to the mastoid process.

? Parotid gland:
• Apex (below)
1. Cervical branch of the facial nerve.
2. Anterior and posterior divisions of retromandibular vein.
• Base (Superior surface)
1. Superficial temporal vessels.
2. 2. Auriculotemporal nerve.
• surfaces
1. Superficial surface.
2. Anteromedial surface.
3. Posteromedial surface.
• Borders
1. Anterior.
• 4 of the 5 branches of the facial nerve
• Transverse facial vessels.
• Parotid duct.
2. Posterior.
3. Medial.
• Content (superficial to deep)
1. Facial nerve.
2. Retromandibular vein.
3. External carotid artery.

? Parotid duct
? Masseter muscle

Home work

The parotid swellings (ex: mump) are very painful, can you explain why?