Introduction:
A rate equation characterizes the rate of reaction, and its form may either besuggested by theoretical considerations or simply be the result of an empiricalcurve-fitting procedure.
The determination of the rate equation is usually a two-step procedure; firstthe concentration dependency is found at fixed temperature and then the temperaturedependence of the rate constants is found, yielding the complete rateequation.
The experimental batch reactor is usually operated isothermally and at constantvolume because it is easy to interpret the results of such runs. This reactor is arelatively simple device adaptable to small-scale laboratory set-ups, and it needsbut little auxiliary equipment or instrumentation. Thus, it is used wheneverpossible for obtaining homogeneous kinetic data.
There are two procedures for analyzing kinetic data:
1-Integral method: we guess a particularform of rate equation and, after appropriate integration and mathematical manipulation, predict that the plot of a certain concentration function versus timeshould yield a straight line. The data are plotted, and if a reasonably good straightline is obtained, then the rate equation is said to satisfactorily fit the data.
2-Differential method: we test the fit of the rate expression tothe data directly and without any integration. However, since the rate expressionis a differential equation, we must first find (l/V)(dNldt) from the data beforeattempting the fitting procedure.
Constant-Volume Batch Reactor
When we mention the constant-volume batch reactor we are really referring tothe volume of reaction mixture, and not the volume of reactor. Thus, this termactually means a constant-
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