Using wave mechanics, every electron in an atom is characterized by four parameters called quantum numbers.
The size, shape, and spatial orientation of an electron’s probability density are specified by three of these quantum numbers.
1-Pricipal Quantum Number (n) :
? Take on integral values beginning with unity; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
? Sometimes designated by the letters K, L, M, N, O, and so on.
?Represents the energy of the orbital, which is also related to the size of the orbitis or the distance of an electron from the nucleus, or its position.
2- Angular Momentum Quantum Number (l) :
?Signifies the subshell, Shape of the orbital .
?Denoted by a lowercase letter—an s, p, d, or f .
?Can has values from 0 to n-1.
?Also called " azimuthal Q N "
3- Magnetic Quantum Number(ml) :
? The number of energy states for each subshell is determined by this number
?Can have integer values from –l to +l : Thus, if n=1, l =0, and ml must equal 0 , If n=2, then l can equal either 0 or 1
If it equals 1, then ml can equal –1, 0 or +1; It can have three values
4 – Spin Quantum Number( ms) :
Associated with each electron is a spin moment, which must be oriented either up or down ; two values are possible (+1/2 and – 1/2) , one for each of the spin orientations.
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