NUTRITION, ENERGY BALANCE

ENERGY
THE CAPACITY TO DO WORK
THE CALORIE IS THE AMMOUNT OF HEAT ENERGY NECESSARY TO RAISE THE TEMPERATURE OF 1 GRAM OF WATER 1 DEGREE CENTIGRADE
THE NUTRITIONAL CALORIE IS 1000 CALORIES OR THE KILOCALORIE

ENERGY BALANCE
INPUT - OUTPUT = STORAGE OR DEPLETION

OUTPUT = INTERNALINTERNAL WORK ------> HEAT

NUETRAL ENERGY BALANCE OCCURS WHEN INPUT AND OUTPUT MATCH
POSITIVE ENERGY BALANCE OCCURS WHEN INTAKE EXCEEDS OUTPUT - ENERGY IS STORED AS GLYCOGEN OR FAT
NEGATIVE ENERGY BALANFOOD AS STORED FUEL

CE OCCURS WHEN OUTPUT EXCEEDS INTAKE- ENERGY STORES ARE DEPLETED
3500 CALORIES = 1 LB OF BODY MASS

50% GOES TO ATP

50% GOES TO HEAT

CARBOHYDRATE, FAT AND PROTEIN

METABOLIC RATE =
ENERGY EXPENDITURE PER UNIT TIME

(Calories/hour
FACTORS INFLUENCING METABOLIC RATE
EXERCISE

FOOD INTAKE

SHIVERING

ANXIETY
BODY’S “IDLING SPEED”

DIRECT CALORIMETERY

FIBER
ROUGHLY SPEAKING, EVERYTHING IN PLANT FOODS OUR DIGESTIVE ENZYMES CAN NOT BREAK DOWN
NURTURES AEROBIC BACTERIA IN GUT
SOLUABLE FIBER REDUCES INSULIN NEED IN DIABETICS
CHELATORS-INCREASE NEED FOR MINERALS
TYPES OF FIBER
PECTINS: IN CELL WALL OF FRUITS, BIND BILE SALTS
GUMS: STICKY SUBSTANCES EXUDED BY PLANTS, LOWER CHOLESTEROL UPTAKE AND SLOW SUGAR ABSORPTION
CELLULOSE: PLANT CELL WALLS, BULK AND TOXIN ELIMINATION
HEMICELLULOSES: PLANT CELL WALLS, BULK
LIGNIN: ROOT VEGETABLES, BULK



INDIRECT CALORIMETERY
POORLY UNDERSTOOD
OBESITY IS TOO MUCH STORED FAT
LIPOSTATIC THEORY
GI DISTENSION THEORY
GLUCOSTATIC THEORY
ISCHYMETRIC THEORY
CCK SECRETION THEORY
PSYCHOSOCIAL INFLUENCES

FOOD INTAKE
CONTROLED BY HYPOTHALAMUS

FEEDING CENTERS

SATIETY CENTERS

CARBOHYDRATE 4 CAL/G

PROTEIN 4 CAL/G

FAT 9 CAL/GRAM

ETHANOL 7 CAL/G
FOOD AS STORED FUEL
3500 CALORIES = 1 LB OF BODY MASS


CONTROL OF FOOD INTAKE


WORK + EXTERNAL WORK