Health education

? Health education:
? Is a process that informs, motivates, & helps to adopt & maintain healthy practices & life styles, advocates environmental changes as
? needed to facilitate this goal.
? H.E is very vital to understand the h. care requirements for promotion, maintenance, & restoration of health.
? It is an approach for teaching people to deal with past, present & future h. problems, increasing coping abilities & assumes responsibilities for health.
? H.E may be provided for many needs: diabetic members, young couples with their first babies& others.
Nature of learning
? It is a process resulting in some modification of relatively permanent of the behavior, e.g. way of thinking, felling.
? Three domains of learning we should know.
? Cognitive domain
? Deals with the recall or recognition of knowledge & developing the intellectual abilities & skills.
? 1st we should assess the cognition abilities of the learner. Teaching above or below client’s level of understanding may lead to frustration.
Affective domain
? It describes changes in attitudes, values & appreciation. Nurses influence what people think, value & feel. Listen carefully to detect clues to feelings.
? Some cultural groups eat no beef or pork.
? Nurses may need praise to change people attitudes also people need a lot of support & encouragement.
Psychomotor domain
? Includes the performance of skills that require integration of mental & muscular ability. (Injection, B.p.)
? Three conditions must be met
? Having the necessary ability. Having the ability to carry- out the skills. Opportunities to practice.
? Demonstrate the skills in person, or with a video or pictures, practice & correct the errors.
? For effective H.E. three domains must be used.
? Teaching strategies must be based on an assessment of learner’s needs, abilities, beliefs…etc.
? H.E. aims at adoption of new ideas & practice.
Stages of changing
? Stage of awareness: person comes to know the new idea or practice, having general information & knows little.
? Stage of interest: person seeks more information, willing to listen& learn.
? Stage of evaluation: person weighs the usefulness & the importance of the practice. Either to try or reject the practice.
? Trial stage: put the education in to practice he may need more information.
? Adoption: the person decides that new practice is good & adopts it. It is process may be reached at any stage.
? Factors influencing learning
? Client’s readiness: interests, concerns, & educational background are important e.g. use simple, factual materials to teach the low grade school woman. All participants should feel free to express ideas. & feel accepted.
? Client participation: the degree of
participation influences the amount of client learning involving.
? Senior citizens attended a class on nutrition & aging who encouraged by the nurse to present problems & solutions for food purchasing.
? Subject’s relevance to client: more relevant subject that more readily learned. Useful to their own purpose.
? Client’s satisfaction: client must feel satisfaction & the sense of progress. This all happen through the nurse support & encouragement.
? Client application: learning is reinforced through application & it should be through their daily life. Client tries under supervision. Transferring of learn is vital in prevention & health promotion.
? E.g. teaching family to use a septic technique in caring for the wound may transfer the same principle to prevent infection in daily life.
Teaching process
? Interaction: communication?Relationship?develop questioning techniques.
? Assessment & diagnosis: determine client’s present health status. To identify the learning needs, by using the surveys, interviews. & others.
? Planning: prioritize the learning needs.
? Setting goals & objectives
? Establishing agreed goals & objectives mutually. It should be well written to enhance evaluation.
? Planning teaching – learning activities
? Written plan & should include the following:
? Subject.
? Audience.
? Date, time & place.
? Goal statements & specific objectives.
? Activities to accomplish the objectives.
? Teaching learning methods.
? Assignments: reading, presentations, papers, demonstrations.
? Course outlines topics & dates.
? Evaluation method & criteria: results of pre-& post testing.

? 5. Implementing teaching: carrying- out the planned activities.
? Evaluation: All goals & objectives determination whether met or not & why. Partially met & how to explore the out come.
Teaching- learning approaches
? Teaching is carried out at three levels: individual, group & general public through mass media, combination of approach can be used.

? Individual Teaching
? One-to-one teaching, it is ideal to assess the learner skills, promote sharing, tailoring of teaching plan, suitable for many conditions. E.g. initial diabetic teaching, skill training.
? Advantages:
? Active role of the learner, give motivation & flexibility.
? Response to the learner’s problems & needs is possible.
? Teacher can help the learner to build problem solving skills.
? Disadvantages: Family’s lack of sharing & support, time consuming.
? Group Teaching
? Carried out with several patients or family members 2-3 clients may be able to offer some of the advantages. Medium 6-30 clients. Used for prenatal care, large group 30 and more. For lectures & films.
? Advantages:
? Economical of time & resources, helps clients learn from one another, fosters attitude development.
? Disadvantages
? Lack of individual attention, teaching content may not address specific needs, not appropriate for skill training, not applicable with pt. that is physiologically or emotionally unstable.
Mass Media Approach
? T.V, Radio & others.
? They less effective in changing human behavior, one way communication, raising general level of knowledge.
Teaching methods & techniques
? Either using one or a combination of methods some of them are lectures, discussion, demonstration.
? Teaching Aids / tools
? Used to enhance teaching- learning process.
? It can effectively promote the levels of
? learning. (Cognitive, affective, & psychomotor) the health care professional should be available to discuss, demonstrate, & clarify the concepts introduced by the aids.
? Content for teaching
? Human biology, nutrition, family health care,
& others