What is a Micro-controller?
A mi?r?-??ntr?ll?r i? a small ??m?ut?r on a ?ingl? integrated ?ir?uit ??nt?ining a ?r??????r core, memory, and programmable in?ut/?ut?ut ??ri?h?r?l?. The important part for us is that a micro-controller contains the processor(which ?ll ??m?ut?r? have) ?nd m?m?r?, ?nd some in?ut/?ut?ut ?in? th?t ??u ??n control. (?ft?n ??ll?d GPIO - General Pur???? Input Out?ut Pin?).
W? will b? u?ing a breadboard. Thi? i? a r?l?tiv?l? ???? way t? make ?ir?uit? quickly. Br??db??rd? are m?d? f?r d?ing ?ui?k ?x??rim?nt?. They ?r? not kn?wn f?r keeping ?ir?uit? together for a l?ng time. Wh?n ??u ?r? r??d? t? m?k? a ?r?j??t that ??u w?nt to ?t?? ?r?und f?r a while, you ?h?uld ??n?id?r an ?lt?rn?tiv? m?th?d ?u?h as wir?-wr???ing ?r ??ld?ring ?r even making a printed ?ir?uit board (PCB). Th? fir?t thing you ?h?uld n?ti?? ?b?ut th? br??db??rd i? ?ll of the h?l??. These ?r? broken u? into 2 sets ?f columns ?nd a ??t ?f rows.
The first thing you should notice about the breadboard is all of the holes.
These are broken up into 2 sets of columns and a set of rows (the rows are divided in the middle). The columns are named a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, and j (from left to right). The rows are numbered 1 - 30. (from top to bottom). The columns on the edges do not have letters or numbers.
The columns on the edges are connected from top to bottom inside of the breadboard to make it easy to supply power and ground. (You can think of ground as the negative side of a battery and the power as the positive side.).
W? will b? using th? Arduin? Un? b??rd.
What is actually Arduino?
Arduino is an Open-source-electronic-prototyping-base for simple used hardware and software in the field of microcontrolling. It is suitable to realize fascinating projects in a short time. Many of them can be found on Youtube under „Arduino“. It is mostly used by artists, designer or tinkers to realize creative ideas.
Hardware & Software
The term „Arduino“ ist mostly used for both components. The hardware (Arduino Boards) and the corresponding software (Arduino).
Hardware
The Arduino hardware is a so-called microcontrolling board (Following called „board“). Basically it is a circuit board with many electronic parts around the actual microcontroller. On the edge of the board are many pins with whom it is possible to connect different components. Some of them are for example: Switches, LED s, Ultrasonic sensors, temperature sensors, displays, stepper, etc..
There are different kind of boards, that can be used with the Arduino sofware. Different sized “official” boards, with the official “Aduino” name on it, but also many, mostly cheaper, but equivalent Arduino “fitting” boards. Typical official boards are called Arduino UNO, Arduino MEGA, Arduino Mini, etc. Arduino compatible boards are for example Funduino UNO, Funduino MEGA, Freeduino, Seeduino, Sainsmart UNO etc..
Description of typical equipment
Beside sensors and actuators you need, as a base for quick and flexible experimental setups, jumper cable combined with a breadboard. This way you won t need to solder. Furthermore the LEDs are useful to check the signal output of the board.
Breadboard
A Breadboard is a helpful tool to build circuits without any soldering. Certain contacts are connected with each other. Therefore it is possible to connect many cables with each other without soldering or screwing them together.
This image below shows in color, which contacts are connected.
LED (light emitting diode)
With LEDs it is possible to check the results of projects real quick. Because of that they re useful for almost every Arduino project. On the internet are many information about LEDs. The most important information:
The electricity can only get through the LED in one direction. So the LED has to be connected the right way to work. There is a longer and a shorter contact at the LED. The longer one is the positive (+) and the shorter one is the negative (–) contact.
The LED is only designed for a specific voltage. If there isn t enough voltage the LED won t shine as bright as it should. If there s to much voltage for the LED, it will get really hot (ATTENTION) and burn out.
Typical voltage data for the different colors of LEDs: blue: 3,1V, white: 3,3V, green: 3,7V, yellow: 2,2V, red: 2,1V. The voltage on the microcontrollerboards is 5V. So the LED shouldn t be connected to the board directly, but with a resistor between it in the circuit.
Non-committal recommendation for resistors at different LEDs (while connecting to the 5V pins on the microcontroller boards):
LED: white red yellow green blue IR
resistor: 100 Ohm 200 Ohm 200 Ohm 100 Ohm 100 Ohm 100 Ohm
The right side of this breadboard shows you which holes are connected and allow electricity to flow between them without anything else connecting them. This is made possible by strips of copper on the underside of the board. The power supply connections have a + and – indicating how to hook up your power source. The connections for the power supply run up and down. The terminal strips are labeled “a” through “j”, these connections run across the board, but are broken down the middle. This cuts the connection across the entire terminal area in half, giving you two unconnected sections to work with.
المادة المعروضة اعلاه هي مدخل الى المحاضرة المرفوعة بواسطة استاذ(ة) المادة . وقد تبدو لك غير متكاملة . حيث يضع استاذ المادة في بعض الاحيان فقط الجزء الاول من المحاضرة من اجل الاطلاع على ما ستقوم بتحميله لاحقا . في نظام التعليم الالكتروني نوفر هذه الخدمة لكي نبقيك على اطلاع حول محتوى الملف الذي ستقوم بتحميله .
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