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الكلية كلية التربية الاساسية
القسم قسم اللغة الانكليزية
المرحلة 2
أستاذ المادة عبد علي نايف حسن الطائي
09/03/2019 19:36:00
Lecture No. 10
Problems in phonemic analysis
Affricates
The affricates /?/ and /?/ are composed of a plosive followed by a fricative. Each of such consonants ios treated as a single phoneme; this is called the one – phoneme analysis of /?/ and /?/.it is also possible to say that /?/ and /?/ are composed of two phonemes such as /t/ plus /?/ and /d/ plus /?/ respectively. This is called the two – phoneme analysis os /?/ and /?/. If we adopted the two – phoneme analysis, the words church and judge would be composed of five phonemes each, like: /t- ?- ?:- t- ?/, /d- ?- ?- d- ?/ instead of the three phonemes that result from the one – phoneme analysis: /?- ?:- ?/, /?- ?- ?/.
The two – phoneme analysis has one main advantage: if there are no separate /?/ and /?/ phonemes, then the total set of English phonemes is smaller. Many phonologists have claimed that one should prefer the analysis which is the most economical in the number of phonemes it results in. there are certain arguments that make the one – phoneme analysis preferable:
1. If the phonetic quality of /t/ and /?/ or /d/ and /?/ in /?/ and /?/ is clearly different from realizations of /t, ?, d, ?/ in similar contexts, this would support the analysis of /?/ and /?/ as separate phonemes. For example, /?/ in hutch /h??/ is different from /?/ in hush /h??/because the first /?/ has shorter duration than the second /?/. On the other hand, the place of articulation of /t/ in watch apes /wo? eips/ is different from that of /t/ in what shapes /wot ?eips/.
2. The phonemes /?/ and /?/ which are composed of plosive plus fricativecan occur initially, medially and finally. No other combination such as /pf, dz, t?/ has such a wide distribution.
3. The combination of /?/ and /?/ with other consonants to form consonant cluster supports one – phoneme analysis. In initial position, /?/ and /?/ never occur in clusters with other consonants. In final position, /?/ can be followed by /t/as in watched /wo?t/, and /?/ is followed by /d/ as in changed /?ein?d/ 25
المادة المعروضة اعلاه هي مدخل الى المحاضرة المرفوعة بواسطة استاذ(ة) المادة . وقد تبدو لك غير متكاملة . حيث يضع استاذ المادة في بعض الاحيان فقط الجزء الاول من المحاضرة من اجل الاطلاع على ما ستقوم بتحميله لاحقا . في نظام التعليم الالكتروني نوفر هذه الخدمة لكي نبقيك على اطلاع حول محتوى الملف الذي ستقوم بتحميله .
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