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Final Consonant Sequence - Consonant + /s, z, t, d/

Why do we have so many sequences of the consonant followed by /s/ or /z/?

Because of the way in which regular plurals are formed in English (i.e. by adding the letter –s or  -es ; the phonemes /s/ or /z/ to the words  to make plural form).

Why do we have so many sequences of a consonant followed by /d/ or /t/?

Because of the way in which regular past tenses are formed in English i.e. by adding the letters –ed ; the phonemes /d/ or /t/ to the words to make the past form.

Examples of such sequences:

Cups /k^ps/                                 cats /k?ts/

Weeks /wi:ks/                           laughs /la:fs/

Jobs /d?bz/                                  goods /gudz/

Dams /d?mz/                            turns /t?:nz/

Eggs /egz/                                    drives /draivz/

Songs /so?z/                               wells /welz/

Laughed /la:ft/                           missed /m?ist/

Washed /wo?t/                        watched /wot?t/

Proved /pru:vd/                     breathed /bri:?d/

Seemed /si:md/                      owned /?und/

Gazed /geizd/                           judged /d?^d?d/

Banged /b??d/                       filled /fild/

Note seven of these sequences  /ps/ , /ks/, /nz/ , /ft/ , /st/, /nd/, and /ld/ occur in word which are not plural or past forms; so we may add to them /s/ , /z/ , /t/ or /d / to make past or plural forms, for example fixed /fikst/ or guests /gests/.

Also we have the word sixth /siks?/ when /?/ is added to /ks/.