Components of the context of situation, and register
There is a dynamic relation between text and context of situation . context of situation is the totality of extralinguistic features having relevance to communicative act.
According to Halliday et al, the context of situation consists of three components:
1- Field : The total event , what s happening, the nature of the social interaction taking place.
2- Tenor : The role interaction, who is taking part, the social role of participants.
3- Mode : The function of a text in the event including channel (spoken, written–monologue, dialogue–telephone, computer mediated communication ) and its genre ( symbolic organization of text: Rhetorical mode / persuasive/ didactic, …etc.).
Consider the Examples below:
• Finals of soccer/football world cup filed
• Friend to friend tenor
• Written to be read ( a letter ) mode
If we know these, we can predict the grammatical structure with a great deal of certainty, and conversely we can go from the grammatical structures to the context of situation.
The knowledge of context of situation is supplemented by context of culture, both of which will tell us significant information about how language will be used.
Analysis of grammar , on the other hand , will tell us about the context.
A text has continuity of register. Register defines the probabilistic relationship between context and language. It contributes together with cohesion, to the text s texture. It other words, a text can be defined as "a unit of situational – semantic organization, "a continuum of meaning – in – context constructed around the semantic relation of cohesion " (p.25).
A text can be best understood if we make reference to the context of situation, i.e., how it ( a text ) fits a given set of situational feature, a pattern formed by the nature of the communicate event ( field ), the place assigned to language acts within the event (mode), and the role relationship of those who are participating (tenor).
A speaker always simultaneously talks about something (field), i.e., something is being talked about (this corresponds to ideational metafunction ), enacts an interpersonal relationship with the listener (tenor),i.e., social relationships are established and maintained (interpersonal, and creates a textual context for the information to be presented as a message ( mode),i.e., a text is being structured ( textual)
The last point should be mentioned about context of culture which may refer to the sets of beliefs, social practices, valued social purposes and so on. Context of situation always occurs within the context of culture.
An understanding of all of these together will contribute to a better understanding of the text itself.
The relationship can be summarized using the following diagram adopted from Martin and Rose, 2003).
المادة المعروضة اعلاه هي مدخل الى المحاضرة المرفوعة بواسطة استاذ(ة) المادة . وقد تبدو لك غير متكاملة . حيث يضع استاذ المادة في بعض الاحيان فقط الجزء الاول من المحاضرة من اجل الاطلاع على ما ستقوم بتحميله لاحقا . في نظام التعليم الالكتروني نوفر هذه الخدمة لكي نبقيك على اطلاع حول محتوى الملف الذي ستقوم بتحميله .
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