The Syllable
-As a unit which is bigger than a phoneme, the syllable can be treated both phonetically and phonologically.
-Phonetically, syllables are usually described as consisting of a centre which has little or no obstruction to airflow and which sounds comparatively loud; before and after this centre, there will be a greater obstruction to airflow and/ or less loud sound.
-According to the phonetic definition above , four types of syllables can be identified: a-A syllable which consists of a centre only, e.g. are / a: /.Such a type of syllable is called the minimum syllable which consists of a single vowel, b-A syllable which contains an onset and a centre, e.g. far / fa:/, c- A syllable which consists of a centre plus coda , e.g. arm / a:m/, and d- A syllable which consists of an onset followed by a centre and a coda , e.g. farm / fa:m/
-Phonologically, the syllable is tackled differently. This view involves looking at the possible combinations of English phonemes. The study of the possible phoneme combinations of a language is called ‘ phonotactics’.According to this view , the syllable is analyzed into the components of the onset phonemes combinations as ( preinitial), initial, and ( post initial) as in ‘ street’. Additionally , the coda can be analyzed in the form of ( prefinal), final, and ( post final= post final 1 , post final 2 , post final 3) as in ‘ texts’.
Syllable Division
-Generally speaking, there is no difficulty in identifying the number of the syllables a certain word has. For example , it is easy to decide that the word ‘going’ has to syllables but it would problematic to determine the boundaries between these two syllable. In other words, it is difficult to decide where the first syllable ends and where the second syllable begins. Is it / go+uij/ or /gou+ij/?. The same applies to syllabifying the word ‘ extra’ .
Strong and Weak Syllables
-As a general rule , stressed syllables are strong ones while unstressed syllables are weak. However, weak syllables can be identified according to the quality of their centres.If the centre of the syllable is one of the following phonemes, it will be weak: a- schwa , e.g. the second syllable of the word ‘ better’, b-a close front unrounded vowel in the general area of long / i:/ and short /I/ (symbolized i).It is called neutralized I, c-a close back rounded vowel in the general area of /u:/ and short /u/ ( symbolized / u/).It is called neutralized u, and d- a syllabic
Consonant /l/, /n/ /m/, /J/, and /r/.
-The vowel schwa can be represented by various letters in words : ‘a’ as in ‘attend’, ‘ar’ as in ‘ molar’, ‘ ate’ as in ‘ intimate’, ‘o’ as in ‘carrot’, ‘ or’ as in ‘forget’, ‘e’ as in ‘ violet’ , ‘er’ as in ‘ stronger’, ‘u’ as in ‘ support’ , ‘ough’ as in ‘thorough’, and ‘ ou’ as in ‘ callous’.
-
المادة المعروضة اعلاه هي مدخل الى المحاضرة المرفوعة بواسطة استاذ(ة) المادة . وقد تبدو لك غير متكاملة . حيث يضع استاذ المادة في بعض الاحيان فقط الجزء الاول من المحاضرة من اجل الاطلاع على ما ستقوم بتحميله لاحقا . في نظام التعليم الالكتروني نوفر هذه الخدمة لكي نبقيك على اطلاع حول محتوى الملف الذي ستقوم بتحميله .
|