Symbols and Transcription
-In English, there is no one to one correspondence between letters and sounds. One letter may represent various sounds. For example, the letter ‘a’ can represent the sounds / a/ as in ‘bad’ , / a:/ as in ‘ after’ , /ei/ as in ‘ make’.Thus a sound alphabet, which is different from orthographic alphabet, is required for describing the sounds of English. Such a kind of description through those alphabetic symbols is called ‘transcription’. However, there different types of sounds transcription. The one which is concerned with the transcription of ‘ phonemes’ is called ‘ phonemic transcription’. It provides only the necessary information about the phonemes and is enclosed by slashes/ /.When the transcription deals with describing the allophones it is called the’ phonetic transcription’. It provides more information about the sound units than the ‘phonemic transcription’. Besides, ‘phonetic transcription’ is of two types: ‘narrow transcription’ and ‘ broad transcription’. The former provides a lot of information about the exact quality of the sounds while the latter includes less information than the former but a little more than the ‘ phonemic transcription. Additionally, ‘ phonetic transcription’ in its two types is enclosed by { }.
المادة المعروضة اعلاه هي مدخل الى المحاضرة المرفوعة بواسطة استاذ(ة) المادة . وقد تبدو لك غير متكاملة . حيث يضع استاذ المادة في بعض الاحيان فقط الجزء الاول من المحاضرة من اجل الاطلاع على ما ستقوم بتحميله لاحقا . في نظام التعليم الالكتروني نوفر هذه الخدمة لكي نبقيك على اطلاع حول محتوى الملف الذي ستقوم بتحميله .
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