The structural approach
Associated with American psychologists such as Bloomfield and Skinner, the structural approach is rooted in behaviorism , a theory which views language learning as learning a set of habits . In this approach, elements in a language are viewed as being linearly produced in a rule- governed way. Language samples can be exhaustively described at all levels, such as phonetic, phonemic and morpholaogical. Linguistic levels are regarded as being pyramidically structured from phonemes to morphemes to phrases, clauses and sentences . The focus of language teaching in the Structural Approach is on speech. Another important tenet of the approach is that focus is on knowledge of language, with the ‘doing’ being subservient to knowing . The belief is that “Language learning comes about by teaching learners to know the forms of the language as a medium and the meaning they incorporate” . Focus, therefore, is on what Widdowson refers to as language usage, which is dependent on “a knowledge of the grammatical rules of the language being learned.” Structural methods of lan-guage teaching include the grammar- translation method, the direct method, the oral approach or situational language teaching, and the audio lingual method.
المادة المعروضة اعلاه هي مدخل الى المحاضرة المرفوعة بواسطة استاذ(ة) المادة . وقد تبدو لك غير متكاملة . حيث يضع استاذ المادة في بعض الاحيان فقط الجزء الاول من المحاضرة من اجل الاطلاع على ما ستقوم بتحميله لاحقا . في نظام التعليم الالكتروني نوفر هذه الخدمة لكي نبقيك على اطلاع حول محتوى الملف الذي ستقوم بتحميله .
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