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Chapter Two
Sensation and Perception
Sensation:-
Sensation is the reaction of stimulation. There are five senses: vision, hearing, smell, taste and touch. But there are other kinds of senses like:-
1. Kinesthetic sense: sense of body movement, posture and weight. This sense orients us in space and enables us to control the movement of body parts.
2. Vestibular sense: sense of balance.
3. Internal senses: like sense of hunger, thirst, nausea, ……etc.
It is possible to break up some of the other senses into two or more. For example, touch includes four different senses (pressure, pain, warmth, and cold) . Some times they are called the skin senses. Also the eye is a double sense organ in that there are two sets of sensitive tissues, one that functions in dim light and is colour blind, and another that takes care of daytime vision.
Perception:-
Perception is the process of organizing and interpreting sensory stimuli into meaningful patterns and involves the combination of present sensory elements with the effect of past experience . The visual stimuli received by your eyes when you look at a chair do not tell you that you are looking at a chair .They only communicate a pattern of colour and shapes, and the brain ,as a result of previous experience and learning, interprets this pattern as a chair.
Often ,the sensation are from different sense organs, in the perception of orange ,the actual sensation may be a round shape of colour . Previous experience adds taste, smell ,impression of feel and weight .The brain organizes these present and past sensation and holds them together by the word "organ" .
In early infancy ,it is hypothesized, the infant perceives his environment as a mass of shapes, colours and sound along with miscellaneous pressures, temperature, sensation, pain, smell, and taste . One set of colour and shapes becomes identified with food and warmth , other sets become associated with other experiences or people .The infant explores his world by looking ,touching, and moving through it and he is continuously testing to learn what it all means. Gradually he learns to identify people and objects ,to locate sounds.
الإحساس :Sensation
رد الفعل reaction:
التحضير stimulation:
البصر vision:
السمع :hearing
الذوق : taste
اللمس : touch
الوقوف : posture
الوزن : weight
يوجه : orients
الفراغ :space
يمكن :enable
توازن : balance
داخلي : internal
الجوع : hunger
العطش : thirst
الغثيان : nausea
الضغط : pressure
الم : pain
دفئ : warmth
بشرة : skin
عضو : organ
حساس : sensitive
أنسجة : tissues
تعمل : functions
الضوء الباهت : dim light
عمى الألوان :colour blind
عملية : process
تنظيم : organizing
تفسير : interpreting
المحفز الحسي : sensory stimuli
نماذج ذات معنى : meaningful patterns
تركيب : combination
العنصر الحسي الحاضر : present sensory element
الخبرة السابقة : past experience
بصري : visual
تلقى : received
السابق : previous
إحساسي : sensation
حقيقي : actual
انطباع : impression
الطفولة في مرحلة الرضاعة : early infant
افترض : hypothesized
الطفل الرضيع : infant
البيئة : environment
خليط : miscellaneous
درجة الحرارة : temperature
مجموعات : sets
ترتبط مع : associated with
يستكشف : explore
تدريجيا : gradually
أشياء : objects
يحدد :locate
المادة المعروضة اعلاه هي مدخل الى المحاضرة المرفوعة بواسطة استاذ(ة) المادة . وقد تبدو لك غير متكاملة . حيث يضع استاذ المادة في بعض الاحيان فقط الجزء الاول من المحاضرة من اجل الاطلاع على ما ستقوم بتحميله لاحقا . في نظام التعليم الالكتروني نوفر هذه الخدمة لكي نبقيك على اطلاع حول محتوى الملف الذي ستقوم بتحميله .
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