The kidneys:Anatomy,Embryology and Congenital anomalies

Lecture name: The kidneys and their congenital anomalies
Time: 1 hour.
Dr.Salam abdelameer almosawi
Anatomy:
The kidneys lie in the abdominal cavity retroperitonealy along the borders of the
psoas muscles and are therefore obliquely placed. The position of the liver
causes the right kidney to be lower than the left.
The adult kidney weighs about 150 g.
On longitudinal section , the kidney is seen to be made up of an outer cortex, a
central medulla, and the internal calices and pelvis.
Each kidney surrounded by fibrous capsule and out side the capsule there is
perirenal fat.
The renal fascia (gerota fascia) surround the perirenal fat and encloses the kidney
and adrenal gland.
The functioning unit of the kidney is the nephron.
. The parenchyma of each kidney usually drains into seven calyces
three upper, two middle and two lower calyces each of the three segments
represents an anatomical and physiologically distinct unit with its own blood supply.
*Blood supply: by the renal arteries which are direct branches from the abdominal
aorta at the level of L1 vertebrae.
Each renal A. may divided into 2 or 3 major As. Before enter the renal hilum.
The renal arteries are all end arteries.
The kidneys drain by the renal veins which drain directly into I.V.C.